24^th International Conference on Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2018-06-06 June 06-07, 2018 Osaka, Japan

Cardiac surgery / cardiovascular surgery  is surgery on the heart or great vessels which is performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat ischemic heart disease (coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, atherosclerosis and rheumatic heart disease. It also includes heart transplantation. Traditional heart surgery, often called as open-heart surgery which is done by opening the chest wall to operate the heart. Another type of heart surgery is known as off-pump or beating heart surgery. The results of heart surgery in adults are excellent. Heart surgery can reduce symptoms and  improve the quality of life.

Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems, and blood clots called as Cardiovascular diseases or Heart disease. Atherosclerosis is a condition which  develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. Heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart which get blocked by a clot. Cardiothoracic surgeons operate on diseases which occur in the organs inside the chest and in the bony structures.

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzig is considered the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplasty by interventional radiologist Charles Dotter. An interventional cardiologist has a specialty in cardiovascular medicine and manages diseases of the cardiovascular system.

The branch of medical science concerned with children and their diseases. A paediatric cardiologist is a paediatrician who has received extensive training in diagnosing and treating children's cardiac problems. Evaluation and treatment may begin with the foetus since heart problems can now be detected before birth.

The division of  the Cardiovascular medicine is committed to the higher levels of  the patient care, development and discovery of better treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular is related  to the circulatory system, which comprises the heart and blood vessels which carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them. Cardiovascular diseases are conditions which affect the heart and blood vessels.

Thoracic surgery repairs injured or tissues and diseased organs in the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity lies between the neck and diaphragm & contains the heart and lungs, trachea, pleura, esophagus,  diaphragm ,mediastinum, and chest wall. Cardiothoracic surgery also includes the disorders of  pericardium and heart. Lung Cancer , reflux esophagitis, esophageal cancer , lung transplantation,  emphysema and  Blunt chest trauma, are just a few of many clinical indications for thoracic surgery.  Lung cancer is the most frequent indication for the thoracic surgery.

 Lung diseases are disorders or infections that affect lungs and cause breathing problems. Some may lead to respiratory failure. pulmonary diseases includes Respiratory diseases, Pulmonary Hypertension, Respiratory Failure and Restrucitve Lung Disease.

Robotic surgery is the type of minimally invasive surgery which means instead of operating on patients through large incisions, miniaturized surgical instruments are used which fit through a series of quarter-inch incisions. Robotic surgery allows doctors to perform many complex procedures with more flexibility, precision and control. Robotic surgery is new and exciting emerging technology which is taking the surgical profession by storm. However, the race to incorporate and acquire this emerging technology has primarily been driven by the market. 

The term lung disease refer to many disorders affecting the lungs such as asthma and COPD infections like influenza, tuberculosis, and lung cancer, pneumonia and many other breathing problems. Some lung diseases can also lead to respiratory failure.

The objective of the Sports Cardiology is to work with the athletes along the spectrum recreational exercisers, professional athletes to weekend warriors to help them achieve these goals. The management of an athlete requires a concerted collaboration among physicians, nurses, physical educators, nutritionists, coaches, exercise physiologists, and psychologists.

Diabetes is the disease in which the bodys ability to respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting the increase in the  levels of glucose in the blood and urine.The potential for diabetes itself is a risk factor for stroke. Obesity is the condition where excess body fat is accumulated to the extent that  may have a negative impact on health. High cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking are major risk factors for stroke

Treatment is the care which was given by the physician or practitioner to a patient for illness or injury. 

Anesthesia can control the pain during surgery and can also control your heart rate, rhythm, breathing, blood pressure and blood flow. Patients under anesthesia must undergo continuous monitoring to ensure safety. Patients are transferred to an Intensive care unit (ICU) from an emergency department if required or immediately after the surgery if surgery is invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.

Hypertension can also be called as high blood pressure. It can severely impact the quality of life & increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and death. Hypertension has no symptoms. If untreated, it may cause heart disease and stroke. High blood pressure which is not caused by any condition or disease is called primary hypertension. If it occurs as a result of any other condition  is called as secondary hypertension

Cardiovascular and thoracic surgery  provide personalized treatment for the conditions of heart, vascular system and thoracic region. Microsurgical Instruments, Titanium Micro Instruments, Thoracoscopic Foerster Clamps and etc are the instruments used in the surgery. 

Nursing is a profession in which the health care is focused on the care of individuals and families to maintain health and quality of the life. Cardiac Surgery Essentials for Critical Care Nursing which is the new resource available for the nurses who care for Heart  surgery patients. To improve the health of patients, nurses should understand the management of patients with stroke  including potential complications, and rehabilitation after the stroke.

Epidemiology is the study of the causes, statistics and health effects of disease conditions in a particular population. Epidemiology shapes policy decisions and proof-based actions through identification of risk factors for disease and targets for preventive health. Epidemiology helps to develop methodology to be used in clinical research studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences. Epidemiological studies involve an introduction, entire historical background, surveillance data sources, laboratory diagnosis, the biological characteristics of the organism, mechanisms and routes of transmission, pathogenesis and immunity, host response, and finally prevention, control and treatment. Emerging molecular methods are vast for future efforts. Traditional case control and cohort studies will be needed to define the action of such pathogens in disease causality.